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Kinder, Küche, Kirche (), or the 3 Ks, is a German slogan translated as “children, kitchen, church”. At the present time it has a derogative connotation describing an antiquated female role model. The phrase is vaguely equivalent to the English ''Barefoot and pregnant''. ==The origins== The origins of the phrase are normally attributed either to the last German Emperor Wilhelm II, or to his first wife, Empress Augusta Victoria. She is likely to have adopted it from one of several similar German "sayings by number". The most suggestive of these is listed in the second volume of ''German proverbs Glossary: A treasure house of the German people'' published in 1870 by Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wander: "Vier K gehören zu einem frommen Weib, nemlich, dass sie Achtung gebe auff die Kirche, Kammer, Kuche, Kinder." - "Four K's for a pious woman: to keep respect for Church, Chamber, Kitchen, Children." Wander refers for the origins of this saying to a 16th-century commentary on Syrach by Johannes Mathesius. He also lists another similar phrase: "Eine gute Hausfrau hat fünf K zu besorgen: Kammer, Kinder, Küche, Keller, Kleider." - "A good housewife has to get five K: chamber, kids, kitchen, basement, clothes," which appeared first in the 1810 collection of the German proverbs ''The wisdom of the streets, or meaning and spirit of German proverbs'' by Johann Michael Sailer. In 1844 "The newspaper for the German Nobility" published this latter saying in its traditional last page "feature" short statements. The phrase started to appear in its current form in writing in the early 1890s. "After Germany, where women apparently take no interest in public affairs, and seem to obey to the letter the young emperor's injunction "Let women devote themselves to the three K's, -- ''die Küche, die Kirche, die Kinder''" (kitchen, church, and children), the active interest and influence of English women on all great questions were refreshing." wrote Marie C. Remick in ''A Woman's Travel-notes on England'' in 1892. The phrase then was used multiple times throughout the 1890s in liberal writing and speeches. In August 1899 the influential British liberal ''Westminster Gazette'' elaborated on the story, mentioning, as well, the 4th "K". A story titled "The American Lady and the Kaiser. The Empress's four K's"〔The American Lady and the Kaiser. The Empress's four K's, in: Westminster Gazette, 17. 8. 1899, S. 6.〕 describes an audience given by the Kaiser to two American suffragettes. After hearing them out, the Kaiser replies: "I agree with my wife. And do you know what she says? She says that women have no business interfering with anything outside the four K's. The four K's are – Kinder, Küche, Kirche, and Kleider: Children, Kitchen, Church, and Clothing".〔Paletschek, Sylvia, (''Kinder – Küche – Kirche'' )〕 ''Kaiser's 4 K's'' is encountered again in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 1911 book ''The man-made world''. The "3 K's" variation has remained by far more popular and well known. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kinder, Küche, Kirche」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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